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Abstracts | 31
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#P7
POSTER SESSION I:
MULTIMODAL RECEPTION;
CHEMOSENSATION & DISEASE;
TASTE PERIPHERY; OLFACTION PERIPHERY
Does color modify the identification of associated flavors?
Adam Y. Shavit
1,2
, Maria G. Veldhuizen
1,3
, Timothy G. Shepard
1
,
Lawrence E. Marks
1,2,4
1
John B. Pierce Laboratory New Haven, CT, USA,
2
Division of
Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health
New Haven, CT, USA,
3
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University
School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA,
4
Department of
Psychology, Yale University New Haven, CT, USA
To examine how color affects the identification of beverage-like
flavors, we created a new experimental design to measure the
influence of color on flavor identification, while manipulating
the association between the colors and flavors. The stimuli were
mixtures created by varying the relative proportion of two
flavorants. Five of the ten subjects judged mixtures of banana +
peach and the other five judged orange + watermelon. These
mixtures could be colored either green or red such that color was a
reliable, although not perfect, predictor of the stronger flavor in the
mixture. In the first condition, the two colors appeared equally
often, while in the other two conditions, one color or the other
appeared more frequently. We found, in line with our predictions,
that increases in the association of flavor with color led to increases
in the probability of identifying the flavors in terms of the
associated colors; that is, presenting a given peach-banana mixture
in green or red increased the probability that the flavor was
identified as banana or peach, respectively. Moreover, also in line
with our predictions, flavor identification was sensitive to changes
in the underlying joint probabilities of colors and flavors presented
in the three conditions. The results support the view that subjects
relied on contiguity (conjoint probability) or sensitivity (conditional
probability of the associated color, given a specific flavor), rather
than validity (conditional probability of the associated flavor, given
a specific color). Acknowledgements: This work was supported by
grant R01 DC009021-04 from the National Institute on Deafness
and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, USA, to LEM.
#P8
PPOSTER SESSION I:
MULTIMODAL RECEPTION;
CHEMOSENSATION & DISEASE;
TASTE PERIPHERY; OLFACTION PERIPHERY
Olfactory function in patients before and after temporal
lobe resection
Antje Haehner
1,3
, Sophia Henkel
1
, Peter Hopp
2
,
Susanne Hallmeyer-Elgner
3
, Ulrike Reuner
3
, Thomas Hummel
1
1
Smell & Taste Centre, Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, University
of Dresden Medical School Dresden, Germany,
2
Saxonian Epilepsy
Center Radeberg, Germany,
3
Dept. of Neurology, University of
Dresden Medical School Dresden, Germany
Objectives: The study aimed to assess olfactory function in patients
with temporal lobe epilepsy before and after resection of temporal
lobe structures and especially addressed the question whether there
are any significant olfactory differences as a function of side of
epileptic focus, or resection. Methods: Seventy pre- and post-
operative patients, and age- and sex-matched healthy controls
underwent tests for odor thresholds, odor discrimination, and odor
identification. Results: Patients with unilateral epileptic focus but
without temporal lobe resection tended to have impaired
identification abilities only compared to healthy controls. There
were no significant differences in olfactory function on the side of
the epileptic focus compared to the non-affected side. However,
patients after temporal lobe resection presented with significantly
impaired olfactory abilities compared to healthy controls and with
lower olfactory scores on the side of the lesion compared to the
non-lesioned side. Conclusions: Olfactory function in patients with
temporal lobe epilepsy is only partially impaired preoperatively;
it will deteriorate further after partial resection on the side of
the lesion.
#P9
POSTER SESSION I:
MULTIMODAL RECEPTION;
CHEMOSENSATION & DISEASE;
TASTE PERIPHERY; OLFACTION PERIPHERY
Parosmia as symptom of lateralized posttraumatic olfactory
disorders — preliminary data
Antje Welge-Lüssen
1
, Caroline Bourgau
1
, Birgit Westermann
2
,
Thomas Hummel
3
1
Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Basel,
Switzerland,
2
Dept. of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel,
Switzerland,
3
Dept. of ORL, Technical University of Dresden
Medical School Dresden, Germany
Objectives:
Parosmia is a quantitative disorder and seems to be
most commonly present in postinfectious disorders, even though it
also occurs in posttraumatic disorders. Its exact pathomechanism
still remains a matter of debate. So far parosmia has never been
distinctly linked to severely lateralised olfactory disorders.
Methods:
Five patients (1 men, 4 women, age range: 40-61 years)
were complaining predominantly about parosmia after mild to
moderate head trauma. Olfactory function in patients was evaluated
using the Sniffin´ Sticks test battery based on the TDI score
(composite score of threshold, discrimination and identification).
Olfactory testing was performed separately for the right and left
nostril. On a visual analogue scale subjective disturbance, the
presence of parosmia (ranging from 0 [“no disturbance / parosmia
at all”] until 10 [“maximum disturbance / constant parosmia”])
and olfactory function were rated (ranging from 0 [“no olfactory
function”] to 10 [“very good olfactory function”]). Magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) of the frontobasis has been performed.
Results:
According to results of the lateralised olfactory testing,
all subjects differed by 10 or more points in the TDI score between
right and left nostril. Moreover, in four patients MRI revealed
pathologic findings in the region of the olfactory bulb. The
subjective olfactory function was rated with a mean of 4.1 ± 1.8
units, mean disturbance caused by the olfactory disorder was rated
as 4.9 ± 2.0 units, the extent of parosmia was 8.62 ± 0.78 units.
Conclusion:
Parosmia can be the predominant symptom in patients
suffering from a severely lateralised posttraumatic olfactory
disorder. Moreover, in the majority of patients MRI revealed a
lateralised lesion which might be considered as a structural
correlate of the parosmia.
P O S T E R P R E S E N T AT I O N S