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#P112
POSTER SESSION III:
OLFACTION DEVELOPMENT & CNS;
HUMAN PSYCHOPHYSICS; TASTE PERIPHERY
Inhibitory Inputs onto Granule Cells in the Accessory
Olfactory Bulb
Alexia Nunez-Parra, Ricardo C Araneda
NACS Program & Biology Department, University of Maryland
College Park, MD, USA
Granule cells (GCs) in the olfactory bulb (OB) receive abundant
GABAergic inputs from the basal forebrain as well as from local
inhibitory neurons. Inhibition at dendrodendritic synapses between
GCs and principal cells in the OB is thought to be important for
synchronous oscillations and olfactory discrimination. In addition,
in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) regulation of inhibition plays
an important role in the formation of odor memory in female mice
during mating. Yet, regulation of the inhibitory input onto GCs and
its function on dendrodendritic synapse activity is not known in the
AOB. Here, using an in vitro slice preparation we characterized
inhibitory inputs onto GCs of the AOB. We found that GCs
exhibited spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs)
with a mean frequency of 0.34±0.08 Hz and an amplitude of
14.6±1.3 pA (n=20). These currents were GABAergic as they were
completely abolished in the presence of GABAzine (5μM) a
GABA
A
receptor blocker. GABA sIPSCs exhibited a rise time
bimodally distributed, centered at 2.0 and 7.9 ms, however, both
populations had a similar averaged decay time (85.5±33 and
99.4±34 ms, t-test, p>0.7). Addition of TTX (0.5μM) and
ionotropic glutamate receptor blockers APV (100μM) and CNQX
(10μM) did not significantly change the frequency of IPSCs
(0.35±0.08 Hz, n=20; t-test, p>0.6) suggesting that GABA IPSCs
recorded in GCs were action potential-independent and were
independent of fast excitatory glutamatergic transmission.
Having distinct sources of inhibitory inputs onto GCs might be
beneficial to produce fine-tuning of inhibitory transmission at
dendrodendritic synapses under different behavioral conditions.
Acknowledgements: Work supported by a NIDCD R01-DC-009817
grant to R.C.A. and Becas Chile fellowship to A.N.
#P113
POSTER SESSION III:
OLFACTION DEVELOPMENT & CNS;
HUMAN PSYCHOPHYSICS; TASTE PERIPHERY
Higher anxiety is associated with better odor recall
performance in apolipoprotein E ε4 negative adults,
but not ε4 positive adults
Emily Bower
1
, Claire Murphy
1,2
1
San Diego State University/Department of Psychology San Diego,
CA, USA,
2
University of California San Diego/Department of
Otolaryngology San Diego, CA, USA
The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene is associated with
increased risk for Alzheimer’s Disease, and adults who possess the
ε4 allele exhibit olfactory performance deficits. Recent research
suggests that anxiety may interact with the apoE gene to affect
verbal learning and memory in older adults. The current study
explored this gene-environment interaction within the olfactory
modality in 32 young (18-26 years) and 32 older adults (60+ years).
It was hypothesized that the apoE gene would mediate the effect of
trait anxiety on olfactory episodic memory such that higher anxiety
would be associated with better recall in ε4- adults, but not ε4+
adults. Short and long delay free and cued olfactory recall of 16
odors was measured following procedures of the California Odor
Learning Test (COLT). Multiple hierarchical linear regression
analyses were conducted to determine the impact of age group
(young adults, older adults), apoE ε4 status (positive, negative), and
trait anxiety (State Trait Anxiety Inventory - Trait; STAI-T) on
short and long delay odor memory. Age group and apoE ε4 status
were entered in the first block, while the STAI-T score, and the
2-way interaction terms were entered in the second block. Adding
trait anxiety to the model significantly improved prediction of short
and long delay recall performance. The 2-way interaction of apoE
status and STAI-T was significant in all recall conditions, and
indicated that higher trait anxiety was associated with better recall
for older and younger ε4- adults, but not for ε4+ adults. Thus,
ε4+ adults, regardless of age, are not receiving the same
performance benefits from anxious arousal that are observed in
ε4- adults. Acknowledgements: Supported by NIH Grants R01
AG004085 and R01 DC002064 to C.M. We thank the members of
the UCSD Shiley-Marcos ADRC for genotyping, and the support of
the NIH Grant P50 AG005131 to the ADRC.
#P114
POSTER SESSION III:
OLFACTION DEVELOPMENT & CNS;
HUMAN PSYCHOPHYSICS; TASTE PERIPHERY
The Influence of Fragrance on Salivary Alpha-Amylase and
Cortisol Reactivity to Acute Stress. A Pilot Study
Alba T. Cilia, Raphael K. L. Kang
Takasago Int’l Corp Rockleigh, NJ, USA
Acute stress or “fight or flight” stress response is initiated when a
person is exposed to a temporary trigger and the effect lasts as long
as the trigger is present. The trigger could be public speaking, a
competitive exam, a job interview, being stuck in traffic, house
cleaning, etc. Salivary Alpha-Amylase (sAA) and Cortisol (CORT)
are widely used as biomarkers for stress. A change in sAA can be
correlated to a stress response activated at the locus cereleus
norepinephrine/sympathetic nervous system (LC–NE/SNS). A
change in CORT can be correlated to a stress response at the
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. The purpose of this
study was to investigate the influence of fragrance on sAA and
CORT reactivity to acute stress. Female panelists age 30-45 were
recruited for this study. Stress was induced using a timed 10 minute
mathematical/word test in a small group competition setting.
Fragrance was introduced for 6 seconds every minute during the
10 minute stress test. Saliva was collected before and immediately
after the stress test, and analyzed for sAA and CORT. The increase
of sAA in the presence of fragrance was significantly less than the
control (p<0.1). A similar result was also seen with CORT
(p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that the presence of
fragrance during a stress task may have a positive influence by
blunting the effect of the stressor and that both the sympathetic and
the HPA axis may be involved. Supported by TAKASAGO Int’l
Corp, Rockleigh, NJ.
Abstracts | 65
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