Page 68 - ACHEMS 2012 PROGRAM

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#P121
POSTER SESSION III:
OLFACTION DEVELOPMENT & CNS;
HUMAN PSYCHOPHYSICS; TASTE PERIPHERY
The Effects of Aroma of Jasmine On Major League
Baseball Players
Alfred S Goldyne
1
, Jack W Hirsch
2
, Alan R Hirsch
2
, Scott B Palmer
3
1
The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of
Medicine and Science North Chicago, IL, USA,
2
Smell and Taste
Research Foundation Chicago, IL, USA,
3
Rush University Medical
Center Chicago, IL, USA
Objective: To determine whether the aroma of jasmine can affect
the batting of major league baseball players. Methods: 6 Major
League Baseball players participated in this IRB exempted study.
All underwent the QSIT. In a consecutively alternating order,
subjects underwent testing while wearing unodorized cotton
wristbands followed by similar bands preimpregnated with jasmine
at suprathreshold, but not trigeminally irritating levels. Subjects
were instructed to wear bands and sniff once before batting at a
standard pitch (provided by the same pitcher, selected for pitching
consistency). After 5 pitches, the bands were switched, and the
process was repeated. Following this, the subjects rated the
hedonics of the odorant, and the players, coaches and pitcher rated,
the batting. Batters, batting coaches, pitcher, and coaches were
blinded as to which band contained the odor, the nature of the odor
and the intent of the experiment. The same pitcher and coaches
rated each batter. Assessment of batting was based on an integration
of: mechanics of swing including trajectory, ball flight, bat speed,
correctness of swing and bat swing in zone. Batters rated the
subjective feeling of the swing and perception of batting ability.
Results: While all claimed normal ability to smell on QSIT, 2
scored 0/3, 2 scored 2/3, and 2 scored 3/3. All reported positive
hedonics towards the odor and better performance of hits using the
odor. The pitcher and batting coaches independently rated better
performance with the odor. No effect of order was found.
Conclusions: Jasmine could have potential utility for enhancing
athletic ability in baseball and other endeavors requiring precise
hand-eye coordination, including microsurgery, musical
performance, or in rehabilitation and physical therapy.
#P122
POSTER SESSION III:
OLFACTION DEVELOPMENT & CNS;
HUMAN PSYCHOPHYSICS; TASTE PERIPHERY
Effect of Lavender Odor on Reaction Time of 7th and
8th Graders
Camryn Hirsch, Alan R Hirsch
Smell & Taste Treatment and Research Foundation
Chicago, IL, USA
Purpose:
In adults, odors have been demonstrated to effect
athletic performance possibly through improved reaction time
(Raudenbush, Corley, & Eppich, 2001; Raudenbush, 2001).
Alternatively, malodors have been demonstrated to impair reaction
time (Rotton, 1983). The impact of odors on reaction time in
children has not been established. This study attempted to
determine if lavender would impact upon reaction time in children.
Procedure:
Nineteen 7th and 8th graders (15 girls, 4 boys)
underwent reaction time testing with the method of Eckner (Eckner,
Kutcher, & Richardson, 2010; Eckner, Lipps, Kim, Richardson, &
Ashton-Miller, 2010). After two practice sessions, 8 measurements
of distance dropped were recorded and averaged. All underwent
reaction time testing while wearing an unodorized surgical mask
(3MAseptex Molded Surgical Mask), which served as a blank
control, and while wearing a surgical mask impregnated with one
drop of Custom Essence Lavender Natural de-44549 (Sommerset,
NJ).
Results:
For the entire subject group, the reaction time while
wearing the blank control mask was 0.235 seconds, whereas while
wearing the odorized mask was 0.233 seconds; a difference of less
than 1%. For the subgroup of subjects where the blank control was
tested first (n=5), reaction time with control was 0.224 seconds and
with odor was 0.223 seconds, a difference of less than 1%. For
those who liked the aroma (n=11), reaction time with control and
odor were identical, 0.221 seconds. Reaction time in the subgroup
with disliked the odor (n=8) with control mask was 0.255 seconds,
whereas with the odorant was 0.250 seconds, a difference of <2%.
Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that lavender has no effect
on reaction time in early teenage children.
#P123
POSTER SESSION III:
OLFACTION DEVELOPMENT & CNS;
HUMAN PSYCHOPHYSICS; TASTE PERIPHERY
K14+ progenitors yield Glial-like and Receptor cells,
not neuron-like Presynaptic cells of taste buds
Gennady Dvoryanchikov
1
, Isabel Perea-Martinez
1
,
Nirupa Chaudhari
1,2
1
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami
Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA,
2
Program in
Neurosciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Miami, FL, USA
In adult mammals, taste buds turnover continuously. The basal
layer of lingual epithelium adjacent to taste buds was shown to
contain Keratin14 (K14)+, Sox2+ bipotential progenitor cells that
generate both taste buds and keratinocytes. We asked whether all
three functional cell types of adult taste buds are derived from this
same set of progenitors. We performed lineage tracing by crossing
K14-CreERT mice to Rosa26-YFP mice to indelibly mark (after
tamoxifen-induction) all cells derived from K14+ progenitors.
We induced the appearance of YFP in progenitors through
tamoxifen-dependent Cre-mediated recombination and examined
the numbers of YFP+ taste buds and cells over the following 60
days. In fungiform papillae and the palate, we found that K14+
progenitors generate keratinocytes within 3 days, but taste cells
only a week following induction. From 12 to 30 days following
induction, the fraction of taste buds that included YFP+ cells
gradually increased to ≈50% and then remained at a plateau. Next,
we double-immunostained for YFP and markers for mature taste
cell types (NTPDase2, PLCβ2 and 5-HT for Glial-like, Receptor
and Presynaptic cells respectively). We found that K14+progenitors
initially give rise exclusively to Glial-like cells. Several weeks after
induction, the K14+ lineage also yields Receptor cells. A maximum
of 21% (of 216) YFP+ cells within taste buds were found to be
PLCβ2+ at day 30 of post induction. In contrast, 5HT expressing
cells were never YFP+. We conclude that K14+ progenitors for
Glial-like/Type I cells and Receptor/Type II do not reside within
taste buds, but migrate in from surrounding epithelium.
Presynaptic/Type III cells in the adult may arise from an entirely
different progenitor population. Acknowledgements: Supported by
NIH/NIDCD R01DC6308 (NC)
68 | AChemS Abstracts 2012
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