Basic HTML Version
#P143
POSTER SESSION IV:
CHEMICAL SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR;
PSYCHOPHYSICS; CHEMOSENSATION & DISEASE;
OLFACTION PERIPHERY; TASTE PERIPHERY
Olfactory Cued-reactivity and Craving in
Nicotine-dependent Smokers
Bernadette M. Cortese
1,2
, Karen J. Hartwell
1,2
, Sarah V. Stein
1
,
W. Connor Freeman
1
, Steven D. LaRowe
1,2
, F. Joseph McClernon
3,4
,
Thomas W. Uhde
1
, Qing X. Yang
5
, Kathleen T. Brady
1,2
1
Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC, USA,
2
Ralph H. Johnson VAMC Charleston, SC, USA,
3
Duke University
Medical Center Durham, NC, USA,
4
Durham VAMC MIRECC
Durham, NC, USA,
5
Penn State College of Medicine
Hershey, PA, USA
Objectives:
Previously identified smoking-related and control
olfactory cues were utilized in a laboratory test to elicit craving in
nicotine-dependent adult smokers.
Methods:
16 healthy,
normosmic, non-treatment-seeking, nicotine-dependent, adult
smokers were systematically exposed to a variety of odors [fresh
tobacco (TOB), cigarette smoke (CIG), coffee (COF), freshly
mowed grass (GR), lavender (LAV), burned rubber (BR), and
propylene glycol (PG)] following 12 hours of CO confirmed
abstinence. Skin conductance response (SCR), heart rate (HR),
and subjective ratings of craving were obtained.
Results:
In this
preliminary analysis, CIG elicited a 47% and TOB a 36% increase
from baseline in SCR, whereas odorless PG elicited only a 19%
increase from baseline. These CIG and TOB odor-elicited
increases, compared to the increase following PG, approached
statistical significance (t
15
=1.64, p=0.06; t
15
=1.44, p=0.08;
respectively). The other odors (COF, GR, LAV, and BR) did not
demonstrate this trend. No odor-elicited changes in HR were found.
Subjective ratings for the item “Right now, the intensity of my
craving to smoke is” (11-point scale, 0=none, 10=irresistible) were
significantly increased following TOB (mean=7.9, SD=1.6)
compared to PG (mean=6.4, SD=2.7, p=0.003) and marginally
increased from PG following CIG (mean=7.1, SD=2.5, p=0.07),
GR (mean=7.4, SD=2.6, p=0.07), and LAV (mean=7.3, SD=2.2,
p=0.08).
Conclusions:
Not surprisingly, contact with the smell of
fresh tobacco and cigarette smoke elicits the subjective report of
craving in smokers. To our knowledge, this is the first study to also
demonstrate an objective psychophysiological response to
smoking-related olfactory cues in nicotine-dependent smokers.
Ongoing data collection and analyses include olfactory fMRI-
assessed smoking cue reactivity. Acknowledgements: This research
was supported by MUSC’s South Carolina Clinical and
Translational Research Institute (SCTR) grant UL1 RR029882
and by NIMH grant K01MH090548.
#P144
POSTER SESSION IV:
CHEMICAL SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR;
PSYCHOPHYSICS; CHEMOSENSATION & DISEASE;
OLFACTION PERIPHERY; TASTE PERIPHERY
Changes in 6-n-Propylthiouracil (PROP) Bitterness in
Smokers During a Brief Smoking Abstinence Trial with
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
Beverly J Tepper
1
, Margaret Graham
2
, William Matcham
2
,
Karen L Ahijevych
2
1
Rutgers University, Department of Food Science
New Brunswick, NJ, USA,
2
Ohio State University, College of
Nursing Columbus, OH, USA
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) substantially improves
quitting success for smoking. However, nicotine bitterness may
serve as a barrier to oral NRT adherence, especially among those
more sensitive to bitter taste. We assessed the influence of the
PROP bitter-taste phenotype on use frequency of nicotine lozenges
and inhalers during a 2-wk, randomized cross-over trial for
smoking abstinence. We also determine if PROP bitterness was
altered by smoking abstinence with NRT. PROP tasters (n=57) and
non-tasters (n=63) were recruited into the study at baseline.
Participants rated the intensity of PROP- and NaCl-impregnated
filter papers using the LMS and were grouped according to the
method of Zhao (2003). PROP screening was repeated at the end of
the trial. Subjects were 57 females and 63 males, 32.1 ± 10.3 yr of
age who were predominantly Caucasians (66%) and African-
Americans (28%), and smoked 15.4 ± 5.7 cigarettes/day. Overall,
participants used lozenges and inhalers with equal frequency
(~4.5 ± 2.3 times/d). No interaction between NRT type and taster
phenotype was found. However, in a sub-analysis, non-tasters used
an average of 0.65 more lozenges/day than inhaler cartridges/d
(p=0.04). At baseline, there were 48% non-tasters and 52% tasters;
at the end of the trial, the breakdown was 21% non-tasters and 79%
tasters (p<0.01). Mean PROP ratings rose from 35.9 ± 3.3 to 53.2 ±
2.9, and NaCl intensity ratings rose from 30.3 ± 2.1 to 42.3 ± 2.1
(p<0.01 for both).This trial found no specific advantage of pairing
taster status with either intermittent or continuous oral nicotine
delivery. However, general taste responsiveness increased after
2-wk of smoking abstinence with nicotine replacement. These data
raise interesting questions about the short-term recovery of
chemosensory function during NRT. Acknowledgements:
Supported by R21 DA024765-01 to KLA
Abstracts | 75
Abstracts are printed as submitted by the author(s)
P O S T E R P R E S E N T AT I O N S