18
EDRS 2013
SYMPOSIUM
Thursday, 3:15 - 4:45 PM
Waterford/Lalique
Application of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Framework
to Binge Eating
5
STUDYING PEDIATRIC DISINHIBITED EATING: A DEVELOPMENTAL
APPROACH WITHIN A RESEARCH DOMAIN CRITERIA (RDoC)
FRAMEWORK
Marian Tanofsky-Kraff,
Uniformed Services University of the Health
Sciences
Children with disinhibited eating rarely present with full-syndrome DSM-
defined eating disorders. RDoC, a proposal for classifying psychiatric
disturbance based on neurobiological and behavioral dimensions, may
be useful for describing developmental psychopathology in children with
disinhibited eating. Pediatric loss of control (LOC) eating, one form of
disinhibited eating, provides a foundation for research within the RDoC
framework. Our data have shown that reported LOC may have genetic
underpinnings, is observable in the laboratory, and places children at high-
risk for binge eating disorder, excess weight and fat gain, and adverse
health outcomes. Since pediatric LOC overlaps with negative affective
states and traits, examining disinhibited eating from the RDoC ‘negative
valence’ domain may serve as a starting point for elucidating such eating
disturbances across the lifespan. A next step will involve combining
tightly controlled laboratory assessments (fMRI, genetic, physiological,
observed eating) with ecologically-valid measures (ecological momentary
assessment) in longitudinal investigations of disinhibited eating.
6
THE DEVELOPMENTAL ACQUISITION OF BINGE EATING
BEHAVIORS
Gregory Smith,
University of Kentucky
Developmental factors that influence risk for the subsequent emergence
of eating disorders (ED) include both personality traits that have
transdiagnostic relevance and psychosocial learning that is ED specific.
In a sample of 1,906 children assessed in the spring of fifth grade,
the fall of sixth grade, and the spring of sixth grade, we found that,
for some individuals, fifth grade negative urgency (NU: the tendency
to act rashly when distressed) predicted subsequent increases in the
learned expectancy that eating helps alleviate negative affect, which in
turn predicted the onset of, and subsequent increases in, binge eating
behavior (Pearson et al., 2012). For others, high NU predicted increases
in expectancies for reinforcement from drinking, which in turn predicted
early onset drinking behavior (Settles et al., 2012). Childhood risk for ED
development is characterized by transactions among global and ED-
specific risk factors.
7
USING RDOC CONSTRUCTS TO UNDERSTAND SEX DIFFERENCES
IN BINGE EATING RISK: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE POSITIVE
VALENCE SYSTEM ACROSS DEVELOPMENT
Kelly Klump,
Michigan State University
Investigators and funding agencies (e.g., NIH) are becoming increasingly
interested in using the lens of sex differences to understand the
development of psychopathology. Past eating disorders research in this
area has focused on psychosocial risk factors and/or gonadal hormone
influences that increase risk for eating disorders in females relative to
males. However, the recent organization of neurobiological circuits and
networks into RDoC constructs has highlighted innovative new avenues
for using sex differences to understand eating disorder risk. This
presentation will review data suggesting that systems within the Positive
Valence Domain likely contribute to both the female predominance of BN
syndromes and overall risk for binge eating syndromes. Moreover, I will
discuss critical interactions between this system and gonadal hormones
across development that may lead to post-pubertal increases in binge
eating, particularly in women.
8
SATIATION DEFICITS AND BINGE EATING: DOES GREATER
UNDERSTANDING OF COMPONENT PROCESSES IDENTIFY BETTER
TREATMENT APPROACHES?
Pamela Keel,
Florida State University
The RDoC seeks to translate basic neurobiological and behavioral
research regarding “core constructs” into improved understanding of
both the development and treatment of psychiatric illnesses. In a series
of studies, we have determined the specificity of associations between
binge eating and deficits in satiation, a core construct in the Positive
Valence domain, in order to better understand the development and
potential treatment of binge eating. Findings from self-report, interview,
behavioral, and biological assessments support specific links between
deficient satiation and binge eating. However, in preliminary analyses,
pharmacological manipulation of gut peptide signals for satiation fails to
correct subjective test meal responses in eating disorders characterized
by binge eating. Although the RDoC approach has utility for examining
etiological pathways for binge eating, efforts to translate findings into
interventions may be hampered by limited ability to isolate desired
outcomes from biological processes with multiple, interconnected
consequences.
PARALLEL PAPER SESSION
Friday, 8:30 - 10:00 AM
Waterford
Biological/Risk Factors
9
BRAIN AND CORTICAL VOLUME DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
“
RESTRICTER” WOMEN AND “BINGER-PURGER” WOMEN.
Mimi Israel
1,2
,
Sherif Karama
1,2,3
,
Lindsay Lewis
3
,
Lea Thaler
1,2
,
Howard
Steiger
1,2
1
Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,
2
Douglas Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada,
3
McConnell Brain Imaging
Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC,
Canada
Introduction
:
Although neuroanatomical changes have been associated
with Eating Disorders (ED), findings are heterogeneous and difficult to
interpret.
Methods
:
To examine neuroanatomical differences in women
with restrictive EDs, women with bulimic ED variants, and healthy women.
Methods
: 18
women classified as “restricters”, 25 women classified as
“
bingers-purgers”, and 48 healthy women underwent high-resolution, T1-
weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Group differences in grey matter
volume and cortical thickness were analyzed using an automated whole-
brain surface-based morphometric method.
Results
:
After controlling
for variations in age and BMI, we found significant restricter-binger
differences in total brain volume (F=12.65, df=1,39, p=.001), total cortical
gray matter volume (F=1215.1192, df=1,39, p≤=.001), total cortical surface
area (F=8,18, df=1,39, p =0.007), and total white matter (F=8.87, df=1,39,
p=.005). Furthermore, when contrasted to age-matched healthy controls,
a continuum was apparent, with restricters, then bingers, and then
controls showing progressively increasing brain volumes.
Discussion
:
Our results indicate significant brain and cortical volume differences
between ED subtypes independent of age and BMI. Our observations
may represent direct or cumulative effects of malnutrition and dehydration.
Detailed analyses are in progress to determine whether there are regional
differences that could shed light on neural circuits implicated in ED
variants.
10
THE EFFECTS OF OVARIAN HORMONES AND EMOTIONAL
EATING ON CHANGES IN WEIGHT PREOCCUPATION ACROSS THE
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Britny A. Hildebrandt
1
,
Sarah E. Racine
1,2
,
Pamela K. Keel
3
,
S. Alexandra
Burt
1
,
Michael Neale
5
,
Steven Boker
6
,
Cheryl L. Sisk
1,4
,
Kelly L. Klump
1
1
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing,
MI, USA,
2
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,
3
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL,
USA,
4
Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing,
MI, USA,
5
Departments of Psychiatry, Human Genetics, and Psychology,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,
6
Department of
Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Introduction.
Research has shown that menstrual cycle fluctuations
in ovarian hormones (i.e., estradiol and progesterone) predict changes
in binge eating/emotional eating. However, the effects of ovarian
hormones on other important eating disorder symptoms remain largely
unknown. The current study sought to examine if weight preoccupation,
a core eating disorder symptom, varies across the menstrual cycle
and whether changes in ovarian hormones and/or other psychological
factors account for menstrual-cycle fluctuations in this eating disorder
phenotype.
Methods.
Women (ages 16-22) provided daily ratings of
weight preoccupation, negative affect, and emotional eating for 45
days. Daily saliva samples were collected and assayed for estradiol and
progesterone levels.
Results.
Weight preoccupation varied significantly
across the menstrual cycle, with the highest levels in the mid-luteal and
pre-menstrual phases. Progesterone significantly predicted within-person
changes in weight preoccupation, but hormone effects were not significant
after controlling for cycle changes in emotional eating and negative
affect. Indeed, the most significant predictor of menstrual-cycle changes
SYMPOSIUM/ORAL ABSTRACTS
ORAL ABSTRACTS
